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81.

Which of the following hormones is responsible for regulating blood glucose levels during fasting?

Cortisol

Glucagon

Thyroxine

Insulin

Explanation Comments

Answer: Glucagon

Explanation:

Glucagon, produced by the pancreas, acts to increase blood glucose levels during fasting by promoting glycogen breakdown in the liver and stimulating gluconeogenesis.

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82.

What is the primary function of the spleen in the immune system?

Production of red blood cells

Production of antibodies

Regulation of blood pressure

Filtration of blood

Explanation Comments

Answer: Filtration of blood

Explanation:

The spleen filters blood to remove old or damaged red blood cells, pathogens, and cellular debris, as well as serving as a reservoir for blood and immune cells, but it does not produce antibodies.

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83.

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating uterine contractions during childbirth?

Prolactin

Oxytocin

Estrogen

Progesterone

Explanation Comments

Answer: Oxytocin

Explanation:

Oxytocin, produced by the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary gland, stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth and milk ejection during breastfeeding.

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84.

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating milk production in the mammary glands?

Progesterone

Prolactin

Oxytocin

Estrogen

Explanation Comments

Answer: Prolactin

Explanation:

Prolactin, produced by the anterior pituitary gland, stimulates milk production (lactation) in the mammary glands of the breasts.

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85.

Which of the following is NOT a component of the lymphatic system?

Spleen

Kidneys

Lymph nodes

Thymus

Explanation Comments

Answer: Kidneys

Explanation:

The kidneys are part of the urinary system, not the lymphatic system. Components of the lymphatic system include lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, lymphatic vessels, and lymphatic organs.

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86.

Which of the following is NOT a function of the integumentary system?

Synthesis of vitamin D

Protection against pathogens

Regulation of blood pressure

Regulation of body temperature

Explanation Comments

Answer: Regulation of blood pressure

Explanation:

The integumentary system primarily functions in protection, temperature regulation, sensation, vitamin D synthesis, and excretion, but it does not directly regulate blood pressure.

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87.

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the contraction of smooth muscle in the walls of blood vessels?

Insulin

Epinephrine

Renin

Vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone)

Explanation Comments

Answer: Epinephrine

Explanation:

Epinephrine (adrenaline), released by the adrenal glands during the fight-or-flight response, stimulates the contraction of smooth muscle in blood vessel walls, leading to vasoconstriction.

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88.

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the reabsorption of water by the kidneys?

Renin

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Aldosterone

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Explanation Comments

Answer: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Explanation:

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin, is produced by the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary gland. It acts on the kidneys to promote water reabsorption and reduce urine volume.

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89.

Which of the following is NOT a component of blood plasma?

Platelets

Water

Red blood cells

White blood cells

Explanation Comments

Answer: Red blood cells

Explanation:

Blood plasma is the liquid component of blood and contains water, electrolytes, proteins, hormones, and waste products, but it does not contain red blood cells, which are cellular components of blood.

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90.

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the growth and development of bones and muscles?

Thyroxine

Prolactin

Insulin

Growth hormone (GH)

Explanation Comments

Answer: Growth hormone (GH)

Explanation:

Growth hormone (GH), produced by the anterior pituitary gland, stimulates growth and development of bones, muscles, and other tissues, particularly during childhood and adolescence.

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