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61.

What term describes the situation where two species evolve in different directions from a common point?

Convergent evolution

Coevolution

Divergent evolution

Parallel evolution

Explanation Comments

Answer: Parallel evolution

Explanation:

Parallel evolution occurs when two related species evolve similar traits independently, starting from a shared ancestor.

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62.

Which of the following is NOT a source of genetic variation?

Gene flow

Stabilizing selection

Mutation

Genetic drift

Explanation Comments

Answer: Stabilizing selection

Explanation:

Stabilizing selection reduces genetic variation within a population by favoring the intermediate phenotype, thus it does not introduce new genetic variation.

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63.

The idea that evolutionary change happens in small increments over long periods of time is known as:

Punctuated equilibrium

Catastrophism

Gradualism

Adaptive radiation

Explanation Comments

Answer: Gradualism

Explanation:

Gradualism proposes that evolutionary changes occur slowly and continuously over long periods of time, rather than in rapid bursts.

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64.

What term describes the process by which similar structures in unrelated organisms are the result of convergent evolution?

Analogy

Homology

Phylogeny

Polymorphism

Explanation Comments

Answer: Analogy

Explanation:

Analogous structures are similar in function and appearance but have different evolutionary origins, often resulting from convergent evolution.

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65.

The movement of individuals between populations, leading to a transfer of genetic material, is known as:

Gene flow

Genetic drift

Natural selection

Allopatry

Explanation Comments

Answer: Gene flow

Explanation:

Gene flow is the transfer of genetic material (alleles) between populations due to the movement of individuals.

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66.

What term describes the process by which species living in different geographic areas become reproductively isolated from one another?

Allopatric speciation

Sympatric speciation

Polyploidy

Parapatric speciation

Explanation Comments

Answer: Allopatric speciation

Explanation:

Allopatric speciation occurs when populations of a species become geographically isolated from one another, leading to reproductive isolation and divergence.

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67.

What term describes the selective breeding of domesticated plants and animals to promote the occurrence of desirable traits?

Natural selection

Stabilizing selection

Sexual selection

Artificial selection

Explanation Comments

Answer: Artificial selection

Explanation:

Artificial selection is the process by which humans selectively breed plants and animals to promote the occurrence of desirable traits.

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68.

The study of evolutionary relationships among organisms based on similarities and differences in their physical or genetic characteristics is known as:

Biogeography

Phylogenetics

Paleontology

Systematics

Explanation Comments

Answer: Phylogenetics

Explanation:

Phylogenetics is the study of evolutionary relationships among organisms based on similarities and differences in their physical or genetic characteristics.

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