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What is the basic unit of life?

Organism

Cell

Tissue

Organ

Explanation Comments

Answer: Cell

Explanation:

The cell is the basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all known living organisms.

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Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?

Mitochondrion

Golgi apparatus

Ribosome

Nucleus

Explanation Comments

Answer: Mitochondrion

Explanation:

The mitochondrion generates most of the cell's supply of ATP, which is used as a source of chemical energy.

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What is the main function of ribosomes in a cell?

DNA replication

Protein synthesis

Cellular respiration

Lipid synthesis

Explanation Comments

Answer: Protein synthesis

Explanation:

Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis where RNA is translated into protein.

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In which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

G2 phase

G1 phase

S phase

M phase

Explanation Comments

Answer: S phase

Explanation:

DNA replication occurs during the S (Synthesis) phase of the cell cycle, ensuring that each daughter cell receives an identical set of chromosomes.

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Which of the following processes is not a function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

Protein synthesis

ATP production

Lipid metabolism

Detoxification of drugs

Explanation Comments

Answer: ATP production

Explanation:

The endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein and lipid synthesis and detoxification, but ATP production is the primary function of mitochondria.

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Which cellular process involves the engulfing of large particles by the cell membrane?

Autophagy

Phagocytosis

Exocytosis

Pinocytosis

Explanation Comments

Answer: Phagocytosis

Explanation:

Phagocytosis is the process by which cells engulf large particles, such as debris and pathogens, into phagosomes for digestion.

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Which molecule is responsible for transporting electrons in the electron transport chain of mitochondria?

ATP

Glucose

NADH

Pyruvate

Explanation Comments

Answer: NADH

Explanation:

NADH carries electrons to the electron transport chain in the mitochondria, where they are transferred through various complexes to ultimately produce ATP.

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What is the role of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) in the cell cycle?

Synthesizing RNA

Regulating cell cycle progression

Transporting proteins

DNA repair

Explanation Comments

Answer: Regulating cell cycle progression

Explanation:

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are essential for the control of the cell cycle. They are activated by binding to cyclins, leading to progression through different phases of the cell cycle.

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Which part of the cell contains the genetic material?

Ribosomes

Mitochondria

Lysosomes

Nucleus

Explanation Comments

Answer: Nucleus

Explanation:

The nucleus houses the cell’s DNA and is the control center for the cell, directing all its activities.

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10.

Which structure acts as a selective barrier, regulating the movement of substances in and out of the cell?

Cytoplasm

Vacuole

Plasma membrane

Cell wall

Explanation Comments

Answer: Plasma membrane

Explanation:

The plasma membrane (or cell membrane) controls the passage of materials into and out of the cell, maintaining the cell's internal environment.

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