Which of the following statements is true about the second law of thermodynamics?

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The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 100%.

Heat always flows from a colder body to a hotter body.

It is impossible to convert heat completely into work without any waste heat.

The entropy of a closed system remains constant.

Answer: It is impossible to convert heat completely into work without any waste heat.

Explanation:

The second law of thermodynamics states that it is impossible to convert heat completely into work without some waste heat production.